Worldwide inequality in access to full text scientific articles: the example of ophthalmology.
Identifieur interne : 000202 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000201; suivant : 000203Worldwide inequality in access to full text scientific articles: the example of ophthalmology.
Auteurs : Christophe Boudry [France] ; Patricio Alvarez-Mu Oz [Équateur] ; Ricardo Arencibia-Jorge [Cuba] ; Didier Ayena [Togo] ; Niels J. Brouwer [Pays-Bas] ; Zia Chaudhuri [Inde] ; Brenda Chawner [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Emilienne Epee [Cameroun] ; Khalil Erraïs [Tunisie] ; Akbar Fotouhi [Iran] ; Almutez M. Gharaibeh [Jordanie] ; Dina H. Hassanein [Égypte] ; Martina C. Herwig-Carl [Allemagne] ; Katherine Howard [Australie] ; Dieudonne Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo ; Patricia-Ann Laughrea [Canada] ; Fernando A. Lopez [Argentine] ; Juan D. Machin-Mastromatteo [Mexique] ; Fernando K. Malerbi [Brésil] ; Papa Amadou Ndiaye [Sénégal] ; Nina A. Noor [Indonésie] ; Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza [Pérou] ; Vasilios P. Papastefanou [Royaume-Uni] ; Mufarriq Shah [Pakistan] ; Carol L. Shields [États-Unis] ; Ya Xing Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Vasily Yartsev [Russie] ; Frederic Mouriaux [France]Source :
- PeerJ [ 2167-8359 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Background
The problem of access to medical information, particularly in low-income countries, has been under discussion for many years. Although a number of developments have occurred in the last decade (e.g., the open access (OA) movement and the website Sci-Hub), everyone agrees that these difficulties still persist very widely, mainly due to the fact that paywalls still limit access to approximately 75% of scholarly documents. In this study, we compare the accessibility of recent full text articles in the field of ophthalmology in 27 established institutions located worldwide.
Methods
A total of 200 references from articles were retrieved using the PubMed database. Each article was individually checked for OA. Full texts of non-OA (i.e., "paywalled articles") were examined to determine whether they were available using institutional and Hinari access in each institution studied, using "alternative ways" (i.e., PubMed Central, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Online Reprint Request), and using the website Sci-Hub.
Results
The number of full texts of "paywalled articles" available using institutional and Hinari access showed strong heterogeneity, scattered between 0% full texts to 94.8% (mean = 46.8%; SD = 31.5; median = 51.3%). We found that complementary use of "alternative ways" and Sci-Hub leads to 95.5% of full text "paywalled articles," and also divides by 14 the average extra costs needed to obtain all full texts on publishers' websites using pay-per-view.
Conclusions
The scant number of available full text "paywalled articles" in most institutions studied encourages researchers in the field of ophthalmology to use Sci-Hub to search for scientific information. The scientific community and decision-makers must unite and strengthen their efforts to find solutions to improve access to scientific literature worldwide and avoid an implosion of the scientific publishing model. This study is not an endorsement for using Sci-Hub. The authors, their institutions, and publishers accept no responsibility on behalf of readers.
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7850
PubMed: 31687270
PubMed Central: PMC6825414
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Argentine, Australie, Brésil, Cameroun, Canada, Cuba, France, Inde, Indonésie, Iran, Jordanie, Mexique, Nouvelle-Zélande, Pakistan, Pays-Bas, Pérou, Royaume-Uni, Russie, République populaire de Chine, Sénégal, Togo, Tunisie, Égypte, Équateur, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Basse-Normandie, District de Cologne, District fédéral central, Gouvernorat de Tunis, Grand Londres, Hollande-Méridionale, Pennsylvanie, Québec, Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie, Région Bretagne, Région Normandie, État de São Paulo, Île-de-France
- Bonn, Caen, Leyde, Londres, Moscou, Paris, Pékin, Québec (ville), Rennes, São Paulo, Tunis
- Université Laval, Université de Tunis - El Manar
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
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Gharaibeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Jordan, Faculty of Medicine, Amman, Jordan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Jordan, Faculty of Medicine, Amman</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Amman</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassanein, Dina H" sort="Hassanein, Dina H" uniqKey="Hassanein D" first="Dina H" last="Hassanein">Dina H. Hassanein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cairo University, Ophthalmology Department, Cairo, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Cairo University, Ophthalmology Department, Cairo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herwig Carl, Martina C" sort="Herwig Carl, Martina C" uniqKey="Herwig Carl M" first="Martina C" last="Herwig-Carl">Martina C. Herwig-Carl</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of Bonn, Department of Ophthalmology, Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Bonn, Department of Ophthalmology, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Howard, Katherine" sort="Howard, Katherine" uniqKey="Howard K" first="Katherine" last="Howard">Katherine Howard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Flinders University, Adelaide</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Adelaide</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonne" sort="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonne" uniqKey="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo D" first="Dieudonne" last="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo">Dieudonne Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Democratic Republic of the Congo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laughrea, Patricia Ann" sort="Laughrea, Patricia Ann" uniqKey="Laughrea P" first="Patricia-Ann" last="Laughrea">Patricia-Ann Laughrea</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laval University, Department of Ophthalmology and Head and Neck Surgery, Quebec, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Laval University, Department of Ophthalmology and Head and Neck Surgery, Quebec</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Laval</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Québec (ville)</settlement><region type="state">Québec</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Fernando A" sort="Lopez, Fernando A" uniqKey="Lopez F" first="Fernando A" last="Lopez">Fernando A. Lopez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Metropolitana para la Educación y el Trabajo, Centro de Innovación de los Trabajadores, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Metropolitana para la Educación y el Trabajo, Centro de Innovación de los Trabajadores, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machin Mastromatteo, Juan D" sort="Machin Mastromatteo, Juan D" uniqKey="Machin Mastromatteo J" first="Juan D" last="Machin-Mastromatteo">Juan D. Machin-Mastromatteo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chihuahua</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malerbi, Fernando K" sort="Malerbi, Fernando K" uniqKey="Malerbi F" first="Fernando K" last="Malerbi">Fernando K. Malerbi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndiaye, Papa Amadou" sort="Ndiaye, Papa Amadou" uniqKey="Ndiaye P" first="Papa Amadou" last="Ndiaye">Papa Amadou Ndiaye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cheikh Anta Diop University, Abass NDAO Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country><wicri:regionArea>Cheikh Anta Diop University, Abass NDAO Hospital, Dakar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dakar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noor, Nina A" sort="Noor, Nina A" uniqKey="Noor N" first="Nina A" last="Noor">Nina A. Noor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>JEC Eye Hospitals and Clinics, Jakarta, Indonesia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country><wicri:regionArea>JEC Eye Hospitals and Clinics, Jakarta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jakarta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" sort="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" uniqKey="Pacheco Mendoza J" first="Josmel" last="Pacheco-Mendoza">Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" sort="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" uniqKey="Papastefanou V" first="Vasilios P" last="Papastefanou">Vasilios P. Papastefanou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust. Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust. Moorfields Eye Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Mufarriq" sort="Shah, Mufarriq" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Mufarriq" last="Shah">Mufarriq Shah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Department of Optometry, Peshawar, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Department of Optometry, Peshawar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Peshawar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shields, Carol L" sort="Shields, Carol L" uniqKey="Shields C" first="Carol L" last="Shields">Carol L. Shields</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ya Xing" sort="Wang, Ya Xing" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Ya Xing" last="Wang">Ya Xing Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yartsev, Vasily" sort="Yartsev, Vasily" uniqKey="Yartsev V" first="Vasily" last="Yartsev">Vasily Yartsev</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement><region>District fédéral central</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mouriaux, Frederic" sort="Mouriaux, Frederic" uniqKey="Mouriaux F" first="Frederic" last="Mouriaux">Frederic Mouriaux</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, CHU de Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, CHU de Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Rennes, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:31687270</idno><idno type="pmid">31687270</idno><idno type="doi">10.7717/peerj.7850</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC6825414</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000208</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000208</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000208</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000208</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000208</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Worldwide inequality in access to full text scientific articles: the example of ophthalmology.</title><author><name sortKey="Boudry, Christophe" sort="Boudry, Christophe" uniqKey="Boudry C" first="Christophe" last="Boudry">Christophe Boudry</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Média Normandie, Caen, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Média Normandie, Caen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Normandie</region><region type="old region">Basse-Normandie</region><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>URFIST, Ecole Nationale des Chartes, PSL Research University, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>URFIST, Ecole Nationale des Chartes, PSL Research University, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez Mu Oz, Patricio" sort="Alvarez Mu Oz, Patricio" uniqKey="Alvarez Mu Oz P" first="Patricio" last="Alvarez-Mu Oz">Patricio Alvarez-Mu Oz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Milagro</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arencibia Jorge, Ricardo" sort="Arencibia Jorge, Ricardo" uniqKey="Arencibia Jorge R" first="Ricardo" last="Arencibia-Jorge">Ricardo Arencibia-Jorge</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Empresa de Tecnologías de la Información (ETI), Grupo de las Industrias Biotecnológica y Farmacéutica (BioCubaFarma), Havana, Cuba.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cuba</country><wicri:regionArea>Empresa de Tecnologías de la Información (ETI), Grupo de las Industrias Biotecnológica y Farmacéutica (BioCubaFarma), Havana</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Havana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayena, Didier" sort="Ayena, Didier" uniqKey="Ayena D" first="Didier" last="Ayena">Didier Ayena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Université de Lomé, Faculté des Sciences de la santé, Hôpital de Bè, Lomé, Togo.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Togo</country><wicri:regionArea>Université de Lomé, Faculté des Sciences de la santé, Hôpital de Bè, Lomé</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lomé</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouwer, Niels J" sort="Brouwer, Niels J" uniqKey="Brouwer N" first="Niels J" last="Brouwer">Niels J. Brouwer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaudhuri, Zia" sort="Chaudhuri, Zia" uniqKey="Chaudhuri Z" first="Zia" last="Chaudhuri">Zia Chaudhuri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Delhi, Lady Hardinge Medical College, PGIMER, Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Delhi, Lady Hardinge Medical College, PGIMER, Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chawner, Brenda" sort="Chawner, Brenda" uniqKey="Chawner B" first="Brenda" last="Chawner">Brenda Chawner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Victoria University of Wellington, School of Information Management, Wellington, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Victoria University of Wellington, School of Information Management, Wellington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Epee, Emilienne" sort="Epee, Emilienne" uniqKey="Epee E" first="Emilienne" last="Epee">Emilienne Epee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Université de Yaoundé, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Yaoundé, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Université de Yaoundé, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaoundé</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Errais, Khalil" sort="Errais, Khalil" uniqKey="Errais K" first="Khalil" last="Erraïs">Khalil Erraïs</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Université de Tunis El-Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Université de Tunis El-Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement><region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fotouhi, Akbar" sort="Fotouhi, Akbar" uniqKey="Fotouhi A" first="Akbar" last="Fotouhi">Akbar Fotouhi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gharaibeh, Almutez M" sort="Gharaibeh, Almutez M" uniqKey="Gharaibeh A" first="Almutez M" last="Gharaibeh">Almutez M. Gharaibeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Jordan, Faculty of Medicine, Amman, Jordan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Jordan, Faculty of Medicine, Amman</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Amman</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassanein, Dina H" sort="Hassanein, Dina H" uniqKey="Hassanein D" first="Dina H" last="Hassanein">Dina H. Hassanein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cairo University, Ophthalmology Department, Cairo, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Cairo University, Ophthalmology Department, Cairo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herwig Carl, Martina C" sort="Herwig Carl, Martina C" uniqKey="Herwig Carl M" first="Martina C" last="Herwig-Carl">Martina C. Herwig-Carl</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of Bonn, Department of Ophthalmology, Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Bonn, Department of Ophthalmology, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Howard, Katherine" sort="Howard, Katherine" uniqKey="Howard K" first="Katherine" last="Howard">Katherine Howard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Flinders University, Adelaide</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Adelaide</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonne" sort="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonne" uniqKey="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo D" first="Dieudonne" last="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo">Dieudonne Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Democratic Republic of the Congo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laughrea, Patricia Ann" sort="Laughrea, Patricia Ann" uniqKey="Laughrea P" first="Patricia-Ann" last="Laughrea">Patricia-Ann Laughrea</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laval University, Department of Ophthalmology and Head and Neck Surgery, Quebec, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Laval University, Department of Ophthalmology and Head and Neck Surgery, Quebec</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Laval</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Québec (ville)</settlement><region type="state">Québec</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Fernando A" sort="Lopez, Fernando A" uniqKey="Lopez F" first="Fernando A" last="Lopez">Fernando A. Lopez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Metropolitana para la Educación y el Trabajo, Centro de Innovación de los Trabajadores, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Metropolitana para la Educación y el Trabajo, Centro de Innovación de los Trabajadores, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machin Mastromatteo, Juan D" sort="Machin Mastromatteo, Juan D" uniqKey="Machin Mastromatteo J" first="Juan D" last="Machin-Mastromatteo">Juan D. Machin-Mastromatteo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chihuahua</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malerbi, Fernando K" sort="Malerbi, Fernando K" uniqKey="Malerbi F" first="Fernando K" last="Malerbi">Fernando K. Malerbi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndiaye, Papa Amadou" sort="Ndiaye, Papa Amadou" uniqKey="Ndiaye P" first="Papa Amadou" last="Ndiaye">Papa Amadou Ndiaye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cheikh Anta Diop University, Abass NDAO Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country><wicri:regionArea>Cheikh Anta Diop University, Abass NDAO Hospital, Dakar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dakar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noor, Nina A" sort="Noor, Nina A" uniqKey="Noor N" first="Nina A" last="Noor">Nina A. Noor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>JEC Eye Hospitals and Clinics, Jakarta, Indonesia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country><wicri:regionArea>JEC Eye Hospitals and Clinics, Jakarta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jakarta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" sort="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" uniqKey="Pacheco Mendoza J" first="Josmel" last="Pacheco-Mendoza">Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" sort="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" uniqKey="Papastefanou V" first="Vasilios P" last="Papastefanou">Vasilios P. Papastefanou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust. Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust. Moorfields Eye Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Mufarriq" sort="Shah, Mufarriq" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Mufarriq" last="Shah">Mufarriq Shah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Department of Optometry, Peshawar, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Department of Optometry, Peshawar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Peshawar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shields, Carol L" sort="Shields, Carol L" uniqKey="Shields C" first="Carol L" last="Shields">Carol L. Shields</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ya Xing" sort="Wang, Ya Xing" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Ya Xing" last="Wang">Ya Xing Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yartsev, Vasily" sort="Yartsev, Vasily" uniqKey="Yartsev V" first="Vasily" last="Yartsev">Vasily Yartsev</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement><region>District fédéral central</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mouriaux, Frederic" sort="Mouriaux, Frederic" uniqKey="Mouriaux F" first="Frederic" last="Mouriaux">Frederic Mouriaux</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, CHU de Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, CHU de Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Rennes, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PeerJ</title><idno type="ISSN">2167-8359</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Background</b></p><p>The problem of access to medical information, particularly in low-income countries, has been under discussion for many years. Although a number of developments have occurred in the last decade (e.g., the open access (OA) movement and the website Sci-Hub), everyone agrees that these difficulties still persist very widely, mainly due to the fact that paywalls still limit access to approximately 75% of scholarly documents. In this study, we compare the accessibility of recent full text articles in the field of ophthalmology in 27 established institutions located worldwide.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Methods</b></p><p>A total of 200 references from articles were retrieved using the PubMed database. Each article was individually checked for OA. Full texts of non-OA (i.e., "paywalled articles") were examined to determine whether they were available using institutional and Hinari access in each institution studied, using "alternative ways" (i.e., PubMed Central, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Online Reprint Request), and using the website Sci-Hub.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Results</b></p><p>The number of full texts of "paywalled articles" available using institutional and Hinari access showed strong heterogeneity, scattered between 0% full texts to 94.8% (mean = 46.8%; SD = 31.5; median = 51.3%). We found that complementary use of "alternative ways" and Sci-Hub leads to 95.5% of full text "paywalled articles," and also divides by 14 the average extra costs needed to obtain all full texts on publishers' websites using pay-per-view.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Conclusions</b></p><p>The scant number of available full text "paywalled articles" in most institutions studied encourages researchers in the field of ophthalmology to use Sci-Hub to search for scientific information. The scientific community and decision-makers must unite and strengthen their efforts to find solutions to improve access to scientific literature worldwide and avoid an implosion of the scientific publishing model. This study is not an endorsement for using Sci-Hub. The authors, their institutions, and publishers accept no responsibility on behalf of readers.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31687270</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>29</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2167-8359</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>7</Volume><PubDate><Year>2019</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PeerJ</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PeerJ</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Worldwide inequality in access to full text scientific articles: the example of ophthalmology.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e7850</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.7717/peerj.7850</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="Background" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The problem of access to medical information, particularly in low-income countries, has been under discussion for many years. Although a number of developments have occurred in the last decade (e.g., the open access (OA) movement and the website Sci-Hub), everyone agrees that these difficulties still persist very widely, mainly due to the fact that paywalls still limit access to approximately 75% of scholarly documents. In this study, we compare the accessibility of recent full text articles in the field of ophthalmology in 27 established institutions located worldwide.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Methods" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">A total of 200 references from articles were retrieved using the PubMed database. Each article was individually checked for OA. Full texts of non-OA (i.e., "paywalled articles") were examined to determine whether they were available using institutional and Hinari access in each institution studied, using "alternative ways" (i.e., PubMed Central, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Online Reprint Request), and using the website Sci-Hub.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Results" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The number of full texts of "paywalled articles" available using institutional and Hinari access showed strong heterogeneity, scattered between 0% full texts to 94.8% (mean = 46.8%; SD = 31.5; median = 51.3%). We found that complementary use of "alternative ways" and Sci-Hub leads to 95.5% of full text "paywalled articles," and also divides by 14 the average extra costs needed to obtain all full texts on publishers' websites using pay-per-view.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Conclusions" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The scant number of available full text "paywalled articles" in most institutions studied encourages researchers in the field of ophthalmology to use Sci-Hub to search for scientific information. The scientific community and decision-makers must unite and strengthen their efforts to find solutions to improve access to scientific literature worldwide and avoid an implosion of the scientific publishing model. This study is not an endorsement for using Sci-Hub. The authors, their institutions, and publishers accept no responsibility on behalf of readers.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2019 Boudry et al.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boudry</LastName><ForeName>Christophe</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-8730-8731</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Média Normandie, Caen, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>URFIST, Ecole Nationale des Chartes, PSL Research University, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alvarez-Muñoz</LastName><ForeName>Patricio</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro, Ecuador.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arencibia-Jorge</LastName><ForeName>Ricardo</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8907-2454</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Empresa de Tecnologías de la Información (ETI), Grupo de las Industrias Biotecnológica y Farmacéutica (BioCubaFarma), Havana, Cuba.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ayena</LastName><ForeName>Didier</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université de Lomé, Faculté des Sciences de la santé, Hôpital de Bè, Lomé, Togo.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brouwer</LastName><ForeName>Niels J</ForeName><Initials>NJ</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0854-0859</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chaudhuri</LastName><ForeName>Zia</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Delhi, Lady Hardinge Medical College, PGIMER, Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chawner</LastName><ForeName>Brenda</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Victoria University of Wellington, School of Information Management, Wellington, New Zealand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Epee</LastName><ForeName>Emilienne</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université de Yaoundé, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Yaoundé, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Erraïs</LastName><ForeName>Khalil</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université de Tunis El-Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fotouhi</LastName><ForeName>Akbar</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6438-6833</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gharaibeh</LastName><ForeName>Almutez M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Jordan, Faculty of Medicine, Amman, Jordan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hassanein</LastName><ForeName>Dina H</ForeName><Initials>DH</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-7753-261X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cairo University, Ophthalmology Department, Cairo, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herwig-Carl</LastName><ForeName>Martina C</ForeName><Initials>MC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Bonn, Department of Ophthalmology, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Howard</LastName><ForeName>Katherine</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9327-8989</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo</LastName><ForeName>Dieudonne</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3931-5822</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laughrea</LastName><ForeName>Patricia-Ann</ForeName><Initials>PA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6877-8850</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laval University, Department of Ophthalmology and Head and Neck Surgery, Quebec, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lopez</LastName><ForeName>Fernando A</ForeName><Initials>FA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-2467-3627</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universidad Metropolitana para la Educación y el Trabajo, Centro de Innovación de los Trabajadores, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Machin-Mastromatteo</LastName><ForeName>Juan D</ForeName><Initials>JD</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-4884-0474</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Malerbi</LastName><ForeName>Fernando K</ForeName><Initials>FK</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6523-5172</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ndiaye</LastName><ForeName>Papa Amadou</ForeName><Initials>PA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cheikh Anta Diop University, Abass NDAO Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Noor</LastName><ForeName>Nina A</ForeName><Initials>NA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9987-4159</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>JEC Eye Hospitals and Clinics, Jakarta, Indonesia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pacheco-Mendoza</LastName><ForeName>Josmel</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9201-4869</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Papastefanou</LastName><ForeName>Vasilios P</ForeName><Initials>VP</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8055-6911</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust. Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shah</LastName><ForeName>Mufarriq</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-7570-4983</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Department of Optometry, Peshawar, Pakistan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shields</LastName><ForeName>Carol L</ForeName><Initials>CL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Ya Xing</ForeName><Initials>YX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yartsev</LastName><ForeName>Vasily</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-2990-8111</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mouriaux</LastName><ForeName>Frederic</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, CHU de Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>30</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PeerJ</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101603425</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2167-8359</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Access to literature</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Articles</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Bibliodiversity</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Google Scholar</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Hinari</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Online Reprint Request</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Open access</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Ophthalmology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Pay-per-view</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Paywall</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">PubMed Central</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ResearchGate</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Sci-Hub</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Science publishing</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2019</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2019</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31687270</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.7717/peerj.7850</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">7850</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6825414</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Nature. 2016 Dec 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IdType="pubmed">24848286</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Med Ref Serv Q. 2017 Jan-Mar;36(1):73-78</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28112638</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Argentine</li><li>Australie</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Cameroun</li><li>Canada</li><li>Cuba</li><li>France</li><li>Inde</li><li>Indonésie</li><li>Iran</li><li>Jordanie</li><li>Mexique</li><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li><li>Pakistan</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Pérou</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Russie</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Sénégal</li><li>Togo</li><li>Tunisie</li><li>Égypte</li><li>Équateur</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Basse-Normandie</li><li>District de Cologne</li><li>District fédéral central</li><li>Gouvernorat de Tunis</li><li>Grand 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first="Christophe" last="Boudry">Christophe Boudry</name><name sortKey="Mouriaux, Frederic" sort="Mouriaux, Frederic" uniqKey="Mouriaux F" first="Frederic" last="Mouriaux">Frederic Mouriaux</name><name sortKey="Mouriaux, Frederic" sort="Mouriaux, Frederic" uniqKey="Mouriaux F" first="Frederic" last="Mouriaux">Frederic Mouriaux</name></country><country name="Équateur"><noRegion><name sortKey="Alvarez Mu Oz, Patricio" sort="Alvarez Mu Oz, Patricio" uniqKey="Alvarez Mu Oz P" first="Patricio" last="Alvarez-Mu Oz">Patricio Alvarez-Mu Oz</name></noRegion></country><country name="Cuba"><noRegion><name sortKey="Arencibia Jorge, Ricardo" sort="Arencibia Jorge, Ricardo" uniqKey="Arencibia Jorge R" first="Ricardo" last="Arencibia-Jorge">Ricardo Arencibia-Jorge</name></noRegion></country><country name="Togo"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ayena, Didier" sort="Ayena, Didier" uniqKey="Ayena D" first="Didier" last="Ayena">Didier Ayena</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region 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Noor</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pérou"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" sort="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" uniqKey="Pacheco Mendoza J" first="Josmel" last="Pacheco-Mendoza">Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" sort="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" uniqKey="Papastefanou V" first="Vasilios P" last="Papastefanou">Vasilios P. Papastefanou</name></region></country><country name="Pakistan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shah, Mufarriq" sort="Shah, Mufarriq" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Mufarriq" last="Shah">Mufarriq Shah</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Shields, Carol L" sort="Shields, Carol L" uniqKey="Shields C" first="Carol L" last="Shields">Carol L. Shields</name></region></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wang, Ya Xing" sort="Wang, Ya Xing" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Ya Xing" last="Wang">Ya Xing Wang</name></noRegion></country><country name="Russie"><region name="District fédéral central"><name sortKey="Yartsev, Vasily" sort="Yartsev, Vasily" uniqKey="Yartsev V" first="Vasily" last="Yartsev">Vasily Yartsev</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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